-
1 superfixus
superfixa, superfixum ADJ -
2 ad
ad praep. with acc. [cf. Eng. at].—Of approach (opp. to ab, as in to ex). I. In space, to, toward: retorquet oculos ad urbem: una pars vergit ad septentriones, Cs.: tendens ad sidera palmas, V. —Fig.: ad alia vitia propensior, more inclined to. —Esp., ad dextram, sinistram, or laevam, to or on the right or left: ito ad dextram, T.: alqd ad dextram conspicere, Cs.: non rectā regione... sed ad laevam, L.—Designating the goal, to, toward: ad ripam convenire, Cs.: vocari ad cenam, H.: ad se adferre: reticulum ad narīs sibi admovebat (cf. accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; and, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province).— Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in T. freq.): eamus ad me, T. — With gen., ellipt.: ad Dianae, to the temple of, T.: ad Castoris currere. — Used for dat: litteras dare ad aliquem, to write one a letter (cf. litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one): domum ad te scribere: ad primam (epistulam) scribere, to answer.—Hence, librum ad aliquem mittere, scribere, to dedicate a book to one. —In titles, ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to.— With names of towns, ad answers to Whither? for the simple acc., i. e. to the vicinity of, to the neighborhood of: ad Aquinum accedere, approach: ut cum suis copiis iret ad Mutinam. — Of hostile movement or protection, against (cf. adversus): veniri ad se existimantes, Cs.: ipse ad hostem vehitur, N.: Romulus ad regem impetum facit (cf. in), L.: clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt, V.: ad hos casūs provisa praesidia, Cs.—In war, of manner of fighting: ad pedes pugna venerat, was fought out on foot, L.: equitem ad pedes deducere, L.: pugna ad gladios venerat, L. — Emphatic of distance, to, even to, all the way to: a Salonis ad Oricum portūs... occupavit, Cs.: usque a Dianis ad Sinopum navigare. — Fig.: deverberasse usque ad necem, T.: virgis ad necem caedi.—Of nearness or proximity in gen. (cf. apud), near to, by, at, close by: ad forīs adsistere: Ianum ad infimum Argiletum fecit, L.: quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset, at hand, L.: errantem ad flumina, V.; and ellipt.: pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret! — Of persons: qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat, Cs.: ad me fuit, at my house: ad inferos poenas parricidi luent, among.—So, fig.: ad omnīs nationes sanctum, in the judgment of, Cs.: ut esset ad posteros monumentum, etc., L.: ad urbem esse (of a general outside of the walls): ad urbem cum imperio remanere, Cs.—With names of towns and verbs of rest: pons, qui erat ad Genavam, Cs.; and with an ordinal number and lapis: sepultus ad quintum lapidem, N.— II. In time, about, toward: domum reductus ad vesperum, toward evening.—Till, until, to, even to, up to: usque ad hanc aetatem: ad multam noctem: amant ad quoddam tempus, until: quem ad finem? how long: ad quartam (sc. horam), H. — Hence, ad id (sc. tempus), till then: ad id dubios servare animos, L.— At, on, in, by: ad horam destinatam, at the appointed hour: frumentum ad diem dare. — III. In number or amount, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. circiter): talenta ad quindecim coëgi, T.: annos ad quadraginta natus.—Adverb.: occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor, Cs.: ad duo milia et trecenti occisi, L.—Of a limit, to, unto, even to (rare): (viaticum) ad assem perdere, to the last farthing, H.: ad denarium solvere. —Esp., ad unum, to a single one, without exception: omnes ad unum idem sentiunt: exosus ad unum Troianos, V. — IV. In other relations, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in: ad honorem antecellere: nihil ad rem pertinet.—Ellipt.: rectene an secus, nihil ad nos: Quid ad praetorem? quid ad rem? i. e. what difference does it make? H.: quibus (auxiliaribus) ad pugnam confidebat, Cs.: ad speciem ornatus, ad sensum acerbus: mentis ad omnia caecitas: ad cetera paene gemelli, H.: facultas ad dicendum.—With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., according to, agreeably to, after: taleis ad certum pondus examinatis, Cs.: ad cursūs lunae describit annum, L.: canere ad tibiam: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (see unguis), H.: ad istorum normam sapientes: ad specus angustiae vallium (i. e. ad specuum similitudinem angustae valles), Cs. — With the cause or reason, according to, at, on, in consequence of, for, in order to: ad horum proces in Boeotiam duxit, on their entreaty, L.: dictis ad fallendum instructis, L.: causae ad discordiam, to produce dissension, T.: ad facinora incendere, S.: ad speciem tabernaculis relictis, for appearance, Cs.: ad id, for this use, as a means to that end, L.: ad id ipsum, for that my purpose, L.: delecto milite ad navīs, marines, L.: puer ad cyathum statuetur, H.: biiugi ad frena leones, yoked in pairs with bits, V.: res quae sunt ad incendia, Cs.: ad communem salutem utilius.—In comparison, to, compared with, in comparison with: terra ad universi caeli complexum: nihil ad tuum equitatum, Caesar.— V. In adverbial phrases, ad omnia, withal, to crown all: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc., L.—Ad hoc and ad haec, moreover, besides, in addition: ad hoc, quos... postremo omnes, quos, etc., S. — Ad id quod, beside that (rare): ad id quod... indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur, L. — Ad tempus, at a definite, fixed time, C., L.; at a fit, appropriate time, L.; for some time, for a short time, L.; according to circumstances. — Ad praesens, for the moment, for a short time.—Ad locum, on the spot: ut ad locum miles esset paratus, L.—Ad verbum, word for word, literally. — Ad summam, on the whole, generally, in general; in a word, in short, C., H.—Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum, at the end, finally, at last; of place, at the extremity, at the top, at the end: ad extremum (teli) unde ferrum exstabat, L.; of time, at last, finally: ad extremum incipit philosophari; of order, finally, lastly; to the last degree, quite, L. — Quem ad finem? to what limit? how far? how long? Note.—a. Ad rarely follows its acc: quam ad, T.: quos ad, C.: ripam ad Araxis, Ta.—b. In composition, ad- stands before vowels, b, d, f, h, i consonant, m, n, q, v, and mostly before l, r, s; acbefore c; but very often ad- before cl-, cr-, and cu-; ag- or ad- before g; ap- or ad- before p; atbefore t; but a- or ad- before gn, sp, sc, st.* * *I IIto, up to, towards; near, at; until, on, by; almost; according to; about w/NUM -
3 reor
rĕor, rătus, 2 (2 pers. pres. rere, Plaut. As. 3, 1, 22; id. Ep. 3, 4, 45; id. Trin. 2, 4, 13; Verg. A. 3, 381; 7, 437; Hor. S. 1, 9, 49: reris, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 9; Verg. A. 6, 97; Hor. S. 2, 3, 134), v. dep. a. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. rta, correct; Zend, areta, complete; Gr. aretê, valor].I.To reckon, calculate; v. infra, P. a.—Hence, by a usual transfer (like censere, putare, existimare, etc.),—II.To believe, think, suppose, imagine, judge, deem (class.; esp. freq. in the poets; cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 38, 153;(α).not in Cæs.: horridum reor,
Quint. 8, 3, 26; cf.: opinor, arbitror, credo, censeo).With obj.-clause:(β).hoc servi esse officium reor,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 7; so,reor,
id. Ep. 3, 4, 49; id. Pers. 2, 1, 2; id. Rud. 4, 2, 21; id. Truc. 2, 7, 16; Lucr. 5, 1419; Verg. A. 4, 45; 5, 24; 7, 273; 370; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 70; Ov. M. 1, 394; 11, 438; 12, 505; Quint. 2, 16, 9 al.: reris and rere, v. supra:retur,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 17; id. Ep. 3, 2, 32; id. Mil. 3, 1, 119; id. Truc. 1, 1, 72; Stat. Th. 11, 59:remur,
Plaut. As. Grex. 6; Cic. Off. 2, 9, 32:remini,
Arn. 4, 146:rentur,
Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 20; id. Mil. 2, 6, 7; Lucr. 1, 155; 6, 91; Cic. Top. 20, 78; Liv. 1, 59; 5, 3; 24, 37; 40, 5 fin. Drak.:rebar,
Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 5; Cic. de Or. 3, 22, 82; Verg. A. 6, 690; Ov. M. 13, 497; 14, 203:rebare,
Cic. Att. 14, 8, 1:rebatur,
id. Ac. 1, 7, 26; id. Att. 7, 3, 10; Liv. 9, 3; 27, 25; 30, 9 al.:rebamur,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 43:rebantur,
Cic. N. D. 3, 6, 15; Liv. 1, 26; 3, 41; 4, 1 et saep.:rebor,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 303:rebitur,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 28:rear,
id. Most. 1, 3, 2; Cat. 63, 55; Verg. A. 9, 253:rearis,
Lucr. 1, 80; 2, 731; 5, 114; 247; 6, 536 al.: reare, Caecil. ap. Gell. 617, 13:reamur,
Lucr. 2, 952; 4, 37; 5, 78;6, 764: reantur,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 34:ratus sum, etc., sim, etc.,
id. As. 5, 2, 11; id. Capt. 2, 2, 6; id. Ep. 4, 2, 26 al.; Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 21; Verg. A. 2, 25; Ov. M. 4, 674; 5, 203; 7, 841 al.; Sall. C. 48, 5; 55, 1; Liv. 2, 27; 3, 2; Quint. 11, 3, 31; 12, 10, 5 et saep. al.—Absol., Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 4:B.quos quidem plures, quam rebar, esse cognovi,
Cic. Div. 2, 2, 5:jam illud mali plus nobis vivit quam ratae (sc. sumus),
Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 32:ut reor a facie, Calliopea fuit,
Prop. 3, 3 (4, 2), 38:ut rebare, Venus (nec te sententia fallit) Trojanas sustentat opes,
Verg. A. 10, 608:ut potius reor,
id. ib. 12, 188:atque, ut ipse rebatur viam suāpte naturā difficilem inexpugnabilem fecit,
Liv. 31, 39, 9:nam, reor, non ullis, si vita longior daretur, posset esse jucundior,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 94.—Hence, ră-tus, a, um, P. a., pass., reckoned, calculated, fixed by calculation; hence, fixed, settled, established, firm, unalterable, sure, certain, valid, etc. (class.):quod modo erat ratum inritumst,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (7), 58:neu quod egissem esset ratum,
id. Hec. 4, 1, 30:rata et certa spatia definire,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69:motus (stellarum) constantes et rati,
id. N. D. 2, 20, 51:astrorum rati immutabilesque cursus,
id. ib. 2, 37, 95;2, 38, 97: si nihil fieri potest, nisi quod ab omni aeternitate certum fuerit esse futurum rato tempore,
id. Div. 2, 7, 19; 2, 30, 63:jussum ratum atque firmum,
id. Caecin. 33, 96:decretum stabile, fixum, ratum esse debeat,
id. Ac. 2, 9, 27:illud certum, ratum, firmum, fixum vis,
id. ib. 2, 46, 141:censorias subscriptiones omnes fixas et in perpetuum ratas putet esse,
id. Clu. 47, 132; cf.:ut amicitia societasque nostra in aeternum rata sit,
Tac. H. 4, 64:cujus tribunatus si ratus est, nihil est, quod irritum possit esse,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; cf.so, opp. irritus,
id. Phil. 5, 7, 21; cf.ratosne habeant an vanos pectoris orsus, id. poët. Div. 2, 30, 63: testamenta (opp. rupta),
id. de Or. 1, 38, 173:populi comitia ne essent rata, nisi, etc.,
id. Rep. 2, 32, 56:ut Faustae, cui cautum ille voluisset, ratum esset,
id. Att. 5, 8, 2: neque ratum est quod dicas, Att. ap. Fest. p. 228; Nep. Att. 10, 1:dixerat idque ratum Stygii per flumina Annuit,
Verg. A, 9, 104:si haec Turno rata vita maneret,
id. ib. 10, 629:rata sint sua visa precatur,
may be fulfilled, accomplished, Ov. M. 9, 702; 9, 474; 14, 815; 3, 341; id. H. 15 (16), 15; id. F. 1, 696; 3, 77; id. P. 2, 5, 3; cf.:(ebrietas) spes jubet esse ratas,
Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 17:pax,
Sall. J. 112, 3:fides et vox,
Ov. M. 3, 341; id. Tr. 3, 10, 36:dicta,
id. F. 2, 488.— Sup.: beneficia ratissima atque gratissima, Cato ap. Fest. pp. 286 and 287 Müll. — Poet., transf., of a person: occiduntur: ubi potitur ratu' Romulu' praedam, the resolved, determined (syn. certus), Enn. ap. Fest. p. 274 Müll. (Ann. v. 78 Vahl.). —Hence,In particular connections.1.Pro ratā parte (portione), secundum ratam partem, and absol., pro ratā, according to a certain part, i. e. in proportion, proportionally:2.militibus agros ex suis possessionibus pollicetur, quaterna in singulos jugera, et pro ratā parte centurionibus evocatisque,
Caes. B. C. 1, 17 fin.; cf.:pro ratā parte,
Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 18 Mos. N. cr.:perinde ut cuique data sunt pro ratā parte,
id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94:utinam ex omni senatu pro rata parte esset!
id. Rep. 2, 40, 67:decumam partem relinqui placet, si plenae fuerint alvi, si minus, pro ratā portione,
Plin. 11, 15, 15, § 40:item secundum ratam partem ex altitudine columnarum expediendae sunt altitudines epistyliorum,
Vitr. 3, 3 med.:tantum pediti daturum fuisse credunt, et pro ratā aliis, si, etc.,
Liv. 45, 40; so Capitol. M. Aur. 7, and often in the Digests.—Ratum aliquid facere (efficere) habere, ducere, also ratum alicui esse, to make or account any thing fixed or valid; to confirm, ratify, approve: quid augur (habet), cur a dextrā corvus a sinistrā cornix faciat ratum? make a confirmatory, i. e. a favorable augury, Cic. Div. 1, 39, 85:► In Liv.parens nati rata verba Fecit,
i. e. fulfilled, Ov. M. 4, 387:juvenes cum avum regem salutassent, secuta ex omni multitudine consentiens vox ratum nomen imperiumque regi effecit,
Liv. 1, 6:efficiant ratas, utraque diva preces,
Ov. F. 1, 696:quae nobis imperatores commoda tribuerunt, ea rata atque perpetua auctoritate vestrā faciatis,
Liv. 28, 39, 16: eos ratum habere judicium, si totum corruptum sit;si unus accusator corruptus sit, rescindere,
Cic. Part. Or. 36, 125; so,ratum habere,
id. Rosc. Com. 1, 3; id. Att. 14, 21, 2; id. N. D. 1, 5, 10: Atteius Capito ap. Gell. 13, 12, 2; cf.:(fata) ratosne habeant an vanos pectoris orsus, Cic. poët. Div. 2, 30, 63: cavere de rato,
Dig. 3, 4, 6, § 3:qui non duxerint societatem ratam, ubi nec divini quicquam nec humani sanctum esset,
Liv. 27, 17 fin.:ista ipsa, quae te emisse scribis, non solum rata mihi erunt, sed etiam grata,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1.—Rarely, ratum servare: quaeris an quod gessit ratum servum. Ego vero servo,
Plin. Ep. 7, 11, 1.25, 12, for the corrupted curata auctoritas eventu of the MS., read cum rato auctoritas eventu; v. Weissenb. ad h. l. -
4 ad
ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].I.As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.A.In space.1.Direction toward, to, toward, and first,a.Horizontally:b.fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,
the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:c.duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,
Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,
Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,
Ov. M. 7, 188:altitudo pertingit ad caelum,
Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):2.tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,
Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.The point or goal at which any thing arrives.a.Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):(α).ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:(β).ad Sullam adire,
id. ib. 25:ad se adferre,
id. Verr. 4, 50:reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,
id. ib. 5, 27:ad laborem adhortantur,
id. de Sen. 14:T. Vectium ad se arcessit,
id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):(γ).oratus sum venire ad te huc,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:eamus ad me,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:ancillas traduce huc ad vos,
id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,
id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,
Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:(δ).Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,
Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:in aedem Veneris,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;in aedem Concordiae,
Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,
to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:ad Opis,
Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:ad Castoris,
id. Quint. 17:ad Juturnae,
id. Clu. 101:ad Vestae,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:(ε).postea ad pistores dabo,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,
id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,
Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,
Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,
id. ib. 5, 3:velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,
id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,
in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,
Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,
Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:quae institueram, ad te mittam,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,
Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:(ζ).miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,
Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:ad Veios,
Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,
Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;or when it is joined with usque,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,
Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:(η).nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,
Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:ipse ad hostem vehitur,
Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:aliquem ad hostem ducere,
Tac. A. 2, 52:clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,
Verg. A. 2, 443:munio me ad haec tempora,
Cic. Fam. 9, 18:ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,
Cic. Off. 3, 24:remedium ad tertianam,
Petr. Sat. 18:munimen ad imbris,
Verg. G. 2, 352:farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,
Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,
Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:b.nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,
Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):3.via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,
Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,
Curt. 3, 9, 10:laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,
id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,
Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,vestis ad Seras peti,
id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:deverberasse usque ad necem,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:virgis ad necem caedi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):B.ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,
stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,
Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:astiterunt ad januam,
Vulg. Act. 10, 17:non adest ad exercitum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:aderant ad spectaculum istud,
Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,
Lucr. 3, 959:quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,
at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:haec arma habere ad manum,
Quint. 12, 5, 1:dominum esse ad villam,
Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:errantem ad flumina,
Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!
Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),
Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,
among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,
Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:“Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”
Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:pons, qui erat ad Genavam,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7:ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,
Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:conchas ad Caietam legunt,
id. Or. 2, 6:ad forum esse,
to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:ad dextram,
Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:ad laevam,
Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:ad dextram... ad laevam,
Liv. 40, 6;and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,
at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:sepultus ad quintum lapidem,
Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.In time, analogous to the relations given in A.1.Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:2.domum reductus ad vesperum,
toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,
toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:3.ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:ad multam noctem,
Cic. de Sen. 14:Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,
id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,
id. Off. 2, 23, 82:bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,
id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,
Cic. Att. 7, 8:usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:C.praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,
at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,
on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:nostra ad diem dictam fient,
id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:ad id tempus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.The relations of number.1.An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):2.ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:quasi ad quadraginta minas,
as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,
id. Clu. 40, 110:ad hominum milia decem,
Caes. B. G. 1, 4:oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,
id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,
Caes. B. G. 2, 33:ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,
id. B. C. 3, 53:ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,
Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):D.ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,
even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,
to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:quid ad denarium solveretur,
Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,
Cic. Lael. 23:ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,
Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,
Cic. Fam. 10, 16:Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,
Verg. A. 5, 687.In the manifold relations of one object to another.1.That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.a.With verbs:b.ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,
in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,
id. ib. 5, 4, 1:nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,
that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:nil est ad nos,
is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:nil ad me attinet,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:nihil ad rem pertinet,
Cic. Caecin. 58;and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,
id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:Quid ad praetorem?
id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—With adjectives:c.ad has res perspicax,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:virum ad cetera egregium,
Liv. 37, 7, 15:auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,
Caes. B. G. 3, 25:ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,
id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:difficilis (res) ad credendum,
Lucr. 2, 1027:ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,
Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—With nouns:d.prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,
before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):mentis ad omnia caecitas,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,
id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:ad cetera paene gemelli,
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,
Cic. Font. 6;facultas ad agendum,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;2.jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,
Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):3.columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,
Cic. Mur. 77:taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,
Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:ad amussim non est numerus,
Varr. 2, 1, 26:ad imaginem facere,
Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:ad cursus lunae describit annum,
Liv. 1, 19:omnia ad diem facta sunt,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5:Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,
id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:ad aequos flexus,
at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:turres ad altitudiem valli,
Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:ad eandem crassitudinem structi,
id. 44, 11:ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,
with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,
Suet. Ner. 31:lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,
Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:canere ad tibiam,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:in numerum ludere,
Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:ad unguem factus homo,
a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):ad istorum normam sapientes,
Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,
id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,ad simulacrum,
Liv. 40, 6:ad Punica ingenia,
id. 21, 22:ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,
Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:omnia fient ad verum,
Juv. 6, 324:quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,
Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:ad hunc modum institutus est,
id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:ad eundem istunc modum,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,
of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,
Lucr. 2, 281:ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,
to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,
id. Rab. Post. 21:aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,
Caes. B. C. 3, 51:rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,
Cic. Off. 1, 26:rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,
id. Font. 36:ad vulgi opinionem,
id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:ad instar castrorum,
Just. 36, 3, 2:scoparum,
App. M. 9, p. 232:speculi,
id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:ad navis feratur,
like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:ad specus angustiac vallium,
like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.a.The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:b.cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,
Lucr. 3, 144:ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,
on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,(α).is done,(β).is designed, or,(γ). (α).Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):(β).venimus coctum ad nuptias,
in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,
id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,
in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,
for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,
Sall. C. 13, 4:ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,
Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,
for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:(γ).ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;(in the same sense: in rem,
Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,
Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:ad frena leones,
Verg. A. 10, 253:delecto ad naves milite,
marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:servos ad remum,
rowers, id. 34, 6; and:servos ad militiam emendos,
id. 22, 61, 2:comparasti ad lecticam homines,
Cat. 10, 16:Lygdamus ad cyathos,
Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:puer ad cyathum statuetur,
Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:4.haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,
id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:causa ad objurgandum,
id. And. 1, 1, 123:argumentum ad scribendum,
Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,
Cato R. R. 125:nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,
Cic. Brut. 24:reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,
Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:homines ad hanc rem idoneos,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,
Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,
id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,
id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:homo ad nullam rem utilis,
id. Off. 3, 6:ad segetes ingeniosus ager,
Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:E.ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:terra ad universi caeli complexum,
compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,
Liv. 22, 22, 15:at nihil ad nostram hanc,
nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.Adverbial phrases with ad.1.Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:2.ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,
Liv. 35, 32, 4.—Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:3.nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,
Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,
Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):4.ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,
Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—Ad tempus.a.At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—b.At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—c.For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—d.According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—5.Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).a.For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—b.At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—6.Ad locum, on the spot:7.ut ad locum miles esset paratus,
Liv. 27, 27, 2.—Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—8.Ad summam.a. b. 9.Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.a. (α).Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:(β).missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,
Liv. 21, 8, 10.—Of time = telos de, at last, finally:(γ).ibi ad postremum cedit miles,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;b.ad extremum agere cum dignitate,
Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:10.consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,
id. 28, 28, 8.—Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—11.Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.► a.Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:b.traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:c.quam ad,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4:ripam ad Araxis,
Tac. Ann. 12, 51;or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,
id. ib. 12, 8.—The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).II.In composition.A.Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—B.Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.1.Local.a. b.At, by: astare, adesse.—c. d.Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—2.Fig.a.To: adjudico, adsentior.—b.At or on: admiror, adludo.—c.Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—d.Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—e.Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—f.Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134. -
5 adversa
ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).I.Lit.A.In gen., with in or dat.:B.illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:in quamcunque domus lumina partem,
Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:malis numen,
Verg. A. 4, 611:huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,
Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:II.classem in portum,
Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:terrae proras,
Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:Colchos puppim,
Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:profugi advertere coloni,
landed, Sil. 1, 288;hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,
Verg. A. 7, 196:pedem ripae,
id. ib. 6, 386:urbi agmen,
id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:Scythicas advertitur oras,
Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).Fig.A.Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:B.si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:nunc huc animum advortite ambo,
id. ib. 3, 1, 169:advertunt animos ad religionem,
Lucr. 3, 54:monitis animos advertite nostris,
Ov. M. 15, 140:animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,
Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,
Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,
Liv. 4, 45.—Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):C.et hoc animum advorte,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:hanc edictionem,
id. ib. 1, 2, 10:haec animum te advertere par est,
Lucr. 2, 125:animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:Postquam id animum advertit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,
Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,
as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,
Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,
Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,
attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:donec advertit Tiberius,
Tac. A. 4, 54:Zenobiam advertere pastores,
id. ib. 12, 51:advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,
id. ib. 13, 54:quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,
id. ib. 15, 30 al.:hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,
Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:ut multos adverto credidisse,
id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:animis advertite vestris,
Verg. A. 2, 712:hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,
Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):D.gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,
Tac. A. 1, 41:octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,
id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):E.non docet admonitio, sed advertit,
i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,
Tac. H. 3, 48.—Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):1.in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,
Tac. A. 2, 32:ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,
id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).A.In gen.:B.solem adversum intueri,
Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,
Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,
in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:adversis vulneribus,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 28:cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,
id. Verr. 5, 3:impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,
ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:adversa signa,
Liv. 30, 8:legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,
i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,
Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:qui timet his adversa,
the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:in adversum flumen contendere,
Lucr. 4, 423:adverso feruntur flumine,
id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:adverso amne,
Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;adverso Tiberi subvehi,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:rate in secundam aquam labente,
Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,
Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:portus ex adverso urbi positus,
Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,
Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:cum ex adverso starent classes,
Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,
against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;in adversum Romani subiere,
Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,
Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:advorsus nemini,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,
Cic. Sull. 10:acclamatio,
id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:adversis auspiciis,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:adversum omen,
Suet. Vit. 8:adversissima auspicia,
id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,
Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:adversi casus,
Nep. Dat. 5:adversae rerum undae,
a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?
Liv. 6, 40:adversus annus frugibus,
id. 4, 12:valetudo adversa,
i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:adversum proelium,
an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.8, 31: adverso rumore esse,
to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:adversa subsellia,
on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,
Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:neque est aliud adversius,
Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:C.advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,
Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:nihil adversi,
Cic. Brut. 1, 4:si quid adversi accidisset,
Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,
Plin. Pan. 31;esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,
id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,
Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.3.adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).A.Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:B. 1.ibo advorsum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,
id. Men. 2, 3, 82:obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?
Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:adversus resistere,
Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:nemo adversus ibat,
Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:ei advorsum venimus,
id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—In a friendly sense.(α).Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:(β).adversus advocatos,
Liv. 45, 7, 5:medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,
opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,
Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:Lerina, adversum Antipolim,
id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—In the presence of any one, before:(γ).egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,
what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,
Titin. ib. 232, 21:utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,
Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):adversus ea consul... respondit,
Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:(δ).repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,
will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,
id. 7, 32, 8.—Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:(ε).quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,
Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,
i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:lentae adversum imperia aures,
Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,
id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,
id. ib. 1, 11, 33:adversus merita ingratissimus,
Vell. 2, 69, 5:summa adversus alios aequitas erat,
Liv. 3, 33, 8:ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,
id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,
Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarelyof the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:2.epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,
as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,
in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:► a.advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:advorsum te fabulare illud,
against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,
id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,
id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,
Caes. B. C. 1, 46:adversus se non esse missos exercitus,
Liv. 3, 66:bellum adversum Xerxem moret,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,
Liv. 8, 2, 5:adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,
id. 26, 25, 10 al.:T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,
Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,
Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,
Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,
Sall. J. 43, 5:invictus adversum gratiam animus,
Tac. A. 15, 21:adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,
Suet. Tib. 28:Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,
Curt. 4, 14:infirmus adversum pecuniam,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:inferior adversus laborem,
id. Epit. 40, 20.Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:b.egone ut te advorsum mentiar,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:hunc adversus,
Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:quos advorsum ierat,
Sall. J. 101, 8.—It sometimes suffers tmesis:Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,
Caes. B. G. 6, 33:animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,
Sall. J. 58:animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,
id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:in Galliam vorsus castra movere,
Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351. -
6 adverto
ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).I.Lit.A.In gen., with in or dat.:B.illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:in quamcunque domus lumina partem,
Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:malis numen,
Verg. A. 4, 611:huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,
Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:II.classem in portum,
Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:terrae proras,
Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:Colchos puppim,
Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:profugi advertere coloni,
landed, Sil. 1, 288;hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,
Verg. A. 7, 196:pedem ripae,
id. ib. 6, 386:urbi agmen,
id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:Scythicas advertitur oras,
Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).Fig.A.Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:B.si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:nunc huc animum advortite ambo,
id. ib. 3, 1, 169:advertunt animos ad religionem,
Lucr. 3, 54:monitis animos advertite nostris,
Ov. M. 15, 140:animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,
Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,
Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,
Liv. 4, 45.—Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):C.et hoc animum advorte,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:hanc edictionem,
id. ib. 1, 2, 10:haec animum te advertere par est,
Lucr. 2, 125:animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:Postquam id animum advertit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,
Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,
as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,
Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,
Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,
attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:donec advertit Tiberius,
Tac. A. 4, 54:Zenobiam advertere pastores,
id. ib. 12, 51:advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,
id. ib. 13, 54:quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,
id. ib. 15, 30 al.:hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,
Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:ut multos adverto credidisse,
id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:animis advertite vestris,
Verg. A. 2, 712:hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,
Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):D.gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,
Tac. A. 1, 41:octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,
id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):E.non docet admonitio, sed advertit,
i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,
Tac. H. 3, 48.—Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):1.in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,
Tac. A. 2, 32:ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,
id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).A.In gen.:B.solem adversum intueri,
Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,
Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,
in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:adversis vulneribus,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 28:cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,
id. Verr. 5, 3:impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,
ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:adversa signa,
Liv. 30, 8:legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,
i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,
Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:qui timet his adversa,
the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:in adversum flumen contendere,
Lucr. 4, 423:adverso feruntur flumine,
id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:adverso amne,
Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;adverso Tiberi subvehi,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:rate in secundam aquam labente,
Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,
Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:portus ex adverso urbi positus,
Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,
Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:cum ex adverso starent classes,
Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,
against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;in adversum Romani subiere,
Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,
Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:advorsus nemini,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,
Cic. Sull. 10:acclamatio,
id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:adversis auspiciis,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:adversum omen,
Suet. Vit. 8:adversissima auspicia,
id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,
Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:adversi casus,
Nep. Dat. 5:adversae rerum undae,
a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?
Liv. 6, 40:adversus annus frugibus,
id. 4, 12:valetudo adversa,
i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:adversum proelium,
an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.8, 31: adverso rumore esse,
to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:adversa subsellia,
on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,
Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:neque est aliud adversius,
Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:C.advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,
Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:nihil adversi,
Cic. Brut. 1, 4:si quid adversi accidisset,
Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,
Plin. Pan. 31;esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,
id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,
Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.3.adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).A.Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:B. 1.ibo advorsum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,
id. Men. 2, 3, 82:obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?
Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:adversus resistere,
Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:nemo adversus ibat,
Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:ei advorsum venimus,
id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—In a friendly sense.(α).Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:(β).adversus advocatos,
Liv. 45, 7, 5:medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,
opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,
Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:Lerina, adversum Antipolim,
id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—In the presence of any one, before:(γ).egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,
what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,
Titin. ib. 232, 21:utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,
Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):adversus ea consul... respondit,
Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:(δ).repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,
will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,
id. 7, 32, 8.—Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:(ε).quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,
Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,
i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:lentae adversum imperia aures,
Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,
id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,
id. ib. 1, 11, 33:adversus merita ingratissimus,
Vell. 2, 69, 5:summa adversus alios aequitas erat,
Liv. 3, 33, 8:ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,
id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,
Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarelyof the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:2.epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,
as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,
in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:► a.advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:advorsum te fabulare illud,
against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,
id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,
id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,
Caes. B. C. 1, 46:adversus se non esse missos exercitus,
Liv. 3, 66:bellum adversum Xerxem moret,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,
Liv. 8, 2, 5:adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,
id. 26, 25, 10 al.:T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,
Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,
Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,
Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,
Sall. J. 43, 5:invictus adversum gratiam animus,
Tac. A. 15, 21:adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,
Suet. Tib. 28:Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,
Curt. 4, 14:infirmus adversum pecuniam,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:inferior adversus laborem,
id. Epit. 40, 20.Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:b.egone ut te advorsum mentiar,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:hunc adversus,
Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:quos advorsum ierat,
Sall. J. 101, 8.—It sometimes suffers tmesis:Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,
Caes. B. G. 6, 33:animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,
Sall. J. 58:animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,
id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:in Galliam vorsus castra movere,
Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351. -
7 advorto
ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).I.Lit.A.In gen., with in or dat.:B.illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:in quamcunque domus lumina partem,
Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:malis numen,
Verg. A. 4, 611:huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,
Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:II.classem in portum,
Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:terrae proras,
Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:Colchos puppim,
Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:profugi advertere coloni,
landed, Sil. 1, 288;hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,
Verg. A. 7, 196:pedem ripae,
id. ib. 6, 386:urbi agmen,
id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:Scythicas advertitur oras,
Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).Fig.A.Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:B.si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:nunc huc animum advortite ambo,
id. ib. 3, 1, 169:advertunt animos ad religionem,
Lucr. 3, 54:monitis animos advertite nostris,
Ov. M. 15, 140:animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,
Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,
Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,
Liv. 4, 45.—Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):C.et hoc animum advorte,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:hanc edictionem,
id. ib. 1, 2, 10:haec animum te advertere par est,
Lucr. 2, 125:animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:Postquam id animum advertit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,
Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,
as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,
Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,
Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,
attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:donec advertit Tiberius,
Tac. A. 4, 54:Zenobiam advertere pastores,
id. ib. 12, 51:advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,
id. ib. 13, 54:quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,
id. ib. 15, 30 al.:hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,
Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:ut multos adverto credidisse,
id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:animis advertite vestris,
Verg. A. 2, 712:hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,
Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):D.gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,
Tac. A. 1, 41:octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,
id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):E.non docet admonitio, sed advertit,
i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,
Tac. H. 3, 48.—Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):1.in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,
Tac. A. 2, 32:ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,
id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).A.In gen.:B.solem adversum intueri,
Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,
Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,
in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:adversis vulneribus,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 28:cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,
id. Verr. 5, 3:impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,
ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:adversa signa,
Liv. 30, 8:legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,
i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,
Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:qui timet his adversa,
the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:in adversum flumen contendere,
Lucr. 4, 423:adverso feruntur flumine,
id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:adverso amne,
Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;adverso Tiberi subvehi,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:rate in secundam aquam labente,
Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,
Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:portus ex adverso urbi positus,
Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,
Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:cum ex adverso starent classes,
Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,
against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;in adversum Romani subiere,
Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,
Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:advorsus nemini,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,
Cic. Sull. 10:acclamatio,
id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:adversis auspiciis,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:adversum omen,
Suet. Vit. 8:adversissima auspicia,
id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,
Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:adversi casus,
Nep. Dat. 5:adversae rerum undae,
a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?
Liv. 6, 40:adversus annus frugibus,
id. 4, 12:valetudo adversa,
i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:adversum proelium,
an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.8, 31: adverso rumore esse,
to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:adversa subsellia,
on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,
Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:neque est aliud adversius,
Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:C.advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,
Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:nihil adversi,
Cic. Brut. 1, 4:si quid adversi accidisset,
Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,
Plin. Pan. 31;esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,
id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,
Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.3.adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).A.Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:B. 1.ibo advorsum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,
id. Men. 2, 3, 82:obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?
Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:adversus resistere,
Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:nemo adversus ibat,
Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:ei advorsum venimus,
id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—In a friendly sense.(α).Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:(β).adversus advocatos,
Liv. 45, 7, 5:medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,
opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,
Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:Lerina, adversum Antipolim,
id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—In the presence of any one, before:(γ).egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,
what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,
Titin. ib. 232, 21:utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,
Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):adversus ea consul... respondit,
Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:(δ).repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,
will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,
id. 7, 32, 8.—Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:(ε).quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,
Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,
i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:lentae adversum imperia aures,
Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,
id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,
id. ib. 1, 11, 33:adversus merita ingratissimus,
Vell. 2, 69, 5:summa adversus alios aequitas erat,
Liv. 3, 33, 8:ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,
id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,
Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarelyof the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:2.epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,
as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,
in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:► a.advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:advorsum te fabulare illud,
against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,
id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,
id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,
Caes. B. C. 1, 46:adversus se non esse missos exercitus,
Liv. 3, 66:bellum adversum Xerxem moret,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,
Liv. 8, 2, 5:adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,
id. 26, 25, 10 al.:T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,
Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,
Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,
Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,
Sall. J. 43, 5:invictus adversum gratiam animus,
Tac. A. 15, 21:adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,
Suet. Tib. 28:Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,
Curt. 4, 14:infirmus adversum pecuniam,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:inferior adversus laborem,
id. Epit. 40, 20.Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:b.egone ut te advorsum mentiar,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:hunc adversus,
Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:quos advorsum ierat,
Sall. J. 101, 8.—It sometimes suffers tmesis:Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,
Caes. B. G. 6, 33:animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,
Sall. J. 58:animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,
id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:in Galliam vorsus castra movere,
Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351. -
8 citer
cĭter, tra, trum ( comp. citerior; sup. citimus; most freq. in comp.; in posit. only Cato ap. Prisc. pp. 589 and 999 P.; and Afran. ap. Prisc. p. 607 ib.), adj. [cis].I.On this side:II. A.citer agnus (ager) alligatus ad sacra erit, Cato ap. Prisc. pp. 599 and 989 P.: alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36:citerior provincia (i. e. Gallia Cisalpina),
Caes. B. G. 1, 10:in Galliā citeriore,
id. ib. 1, 24; Hirt. B. G. 8, 23; Suet. Caes. 56:citerior Hispania,
Varr. R. R. 1, 57, 2; Cic. Att. 12, 37, 4; Nep. Cat. 2, 1; Plin. 3, 1, 2, § 6:Arabia,
Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 213:Oceanus,
Flor. 4, 12, 46:ripa,
Vell. 2, 107, 1.—In space:2.(stella) ultima a caelo, citima terris,
Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16; id. Univ. 7 fin.:citima Persidis (sc. loca),
Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 213. —Trop.:B.deduc orationem tuam de caelo ad haec citeriora,
Cic. Rep. 1, 21, 34:quantā animi tranquillitate humana et citeriora considerat,
id. Tusc. 5, 25, 71:ut ad haec citeriora veniam et notiora nobis,
id. Leg. 3, 2, 4:nam citeriora nondum audiebamus,
id. Fam. 2, 12, 1; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1; 9, 12, 6:citerioris vitae minister,
private, domestic, Amm. 14, 1, 7.—In time (post-Aug.), earlier, sooner:C.Africano consulatus citerior legitimo tempore datus est,
Val. Max. 8, 15, 1; 6, 3, 11:in antiquius citeriusve,
Vell. 1, 17, 2:citeriore die (opp. longiore),
Dig. 23, 4, 15.—In measure or degree, small, little:III.citerior tamen est poena quam scelus,
Quint. Decl. 299; Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 10.— Advv.: comp. cĭtĕrĭus, less:citerius debito resistere,
Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 11; sup. cĭtĭmē, least, acc. to Prisc. p. 1016 P.—Hence,A.cī̆trā, adv. and prep. with acc., on this side, on the hither or nearer side (opp. to ultra; more freq. than cis, q. v.).1.Prop.(α).Adv.:(β).(dextera) nec citra mota nec ultra,
neither this way nor that, Ov. M. 5, 186; cf.:ultra citraque pervolare,
Plin. 10, 23, 31, § 61:citra est Oglasa,
id. 3, 6, 12, § 80; 6, 11, 12, § 30:citra fuere margines,
id. 2, 17, 14, § 73.—With acc.:2.Germani qui essent citra Rhenum,
Caes. B. G. 6, 32:is locus est citra Leucadem stadia CXX.,
Cic. Fam. 16, 2; so,citra Veliam,
id. Att. 16, 7, 5:citra mare,
Hor. S. 2, 8, 47:mare citra,
id. ib. 1, 10, 31:citra flumen intercepti,
Liv. 21, 48, 6:citra Tauri juga,
id. 38, 48, 1 al. —With verbs of motion: ut exercitum citra flumen Rubiconem educeret,
Cic. Phil. 6, 3, 5:ut omnes citra flumen eliceret,
Caes. B. G. 6, 8; Liv. 21, 54, 4; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106.—(Acc. to citer, II.) Of that which takes [p. 345] place, or is within a fixed boundary, and yet does not reach that boundary, within, beneath, short of, less than.(α).Adv.:(β).non erit necesse id usque a capite arcessere: saepe etiam citra licet,
not so far, Cic. Top. 9, 39:paucis citra milibus lignatores ei occurrunt,
Liv. 10, 25, 4:citra quam proxime fuerint (defectus lunae),
Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 86:citra exsultare,
id. 17, 22, 35, § 180: tela citra cadebant (i. e. did not reach the Romans), Tac. H. 3, 23.—With acc.:b.nec a postremā syllabā citra tertiam,
before the third syllable, Cic. Or. 18, 58 (cf. Quint. 1, 5, 30: acuta intra numerum trium syllabarum continetur); id. 8, 6, 76:cur Veneris stella numquam longius XLVI. portibus ab sole... abscedant, saepe citra eas ad solem reciprocent,
Plin. 2, 17, 14, § 72; 2, 17, 15, § 77.—Trop.(α).Adv. of measure:(β).neve domi praesume dapes et desine citra Quam capias paulo,
Ov. A. A. 3, 757; cf.:culta citra quam debuit illa,
id. P. 1, 7, 55.—With acc.: pronepos ego regis aquarum;c.Nec virtus citra genus est,
is not behind my family, Ov. M. 10, 607:glans cum citra satietatem data est,
not to satiety, Col. 7, 6, 5; cf. id. 9, 13, 2; so,fatigationem,
Cels. 1, 2; cf. Plin. 19, 8, 54, § 171:scelus,
Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 23:citra necem tua constitit ira,
id. ib. 2, 127:usus citra intellectum acrimoniae,
Plin. 19, 8, 54, § 171. —In time (with acc. rare;3.perh. not anteAug.): citra Kalendas Octobris,
Col. 2, 8, 3; cf. Gell. 12, 13:Trojana tempora,
Ov. M. 8, 365:juventam,
id. ib. 10, 84:temporis finem,
Dig. 49, 16, 15.—Since the Aug. per. (most freq. in Quint. and Pliny the elder; in the former more than twenty times), in gen. of that which does not belong to, is without, or beyond something, without, aside from, apart from, except, without regard to, setting aside (for the class. sine, praeter; hence the Gloss.: aneu sine, absque, praeter, citra, Gloss. Cyr.; citra dicha, chôris, ektos, Gloss. Phil.); with acc.:B.citra hoc experimentum multa sunt, quae, etc.,
Col. 2, 2, 20:plus usus sine doctrinā, quam citra usum doctrina valet,
Quint. 12, 6, 4:Phidias in ebore longe citra aemulum,
id. 12, 10, 9:vir bonus citra virtutem intellegi non potest,
id. 12, 2, 1; so,accusationem,
id. 7, 2, 26; 3, 8, 21; 7, 10, 3:tranare aquas citra docentem natura ipsa sciunt,
id. 2, 16, 13:citra invidiam,
Plin. 7, 29, 30, § 108:citra ullum aliud incommodum,
id. 2, 51, 52, § 137:citra dolorem,
id. 12, 17, 40, § 79; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 4:morsum,
Plin. 8, 38, 57, § 136:vulnus,
id. 20, 21, 84, § 225 al.:citra fidem,
Tac. Agr. 1:citra speciem aut delectationem,
id. G. 16:citra Senatūs populique auctoritatem,
Suet. Caes. 28:commoda emeritorum,
id. Aug. 24:spem omnium fortuna cessit,
Flor. 3, 1, 2:etiam citra spectaculorum dies,
i.e. even out of the time of the established spectacles, Suet. Aug. 43:citra magnitudinem prope Ponto similis,
excepting its size, Mel. 1, 19, 17; Tac. Agr. 10; Quint. 2, 4, 22; so id. 7, 2, 13; Dig. 3, 6, 9: lana tincta fuco citra purpuras placet, Ov. Fragm. ap. Quint. 12, 10, 75.—Citra sometimes follows its case, Hor. S. 1, 1, 107; 1, 10, 31.—cī̆trō, adv. (orig. dat. sing.), always in the connection and position ultro citroque, ultro et citro, ultro ac citro, or without copula ultro citro (not ultroque citroque), hither and thither, this way and that, here and there, to and fro, from both sides, backwards and forwards, reciprocally; Fr. par ci par là, ça et là (in good prose):ultro ac citro commeare,
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 16:sursum deorsum, ultro citro commeantibus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 84: ultro citroque commeare, Auct. B. Afr. 20; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 104; * Suet. Calig. 19; Lucr. 4, 32:qui ultro citroque navigarent,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 170:cursare ultro et citro,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60 (in Prisc. p. 1011 P., perh. only from memory written ultro citroque):bis ultro citroque transcurrerunt,
Liv. 40, 40, 7 al.:cum saepe ultro citroque legati inter eos mitterentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 42; id. B. C. 1, 20; Liv. 5, 8, 6:multis verbis ultro citroque habitis,
Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9; cf. Liv. 9, 45, 2; 7, 9, 2:beneficiis ultro citro datis acceptisque,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:ut obsides ultro citroque darentur,
Liv. 44, 23, 2:datā ultro citroque fide,
id. 29, 23, 5:inplicati ultro et citro vel usu diuturno vel etiam officiis,
Cic. Lael. 22, 85 Klotz N. cr.: alternatis ultro citro aestibus, Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 29:ultro citroque versus,
Amm. 30, 3, 5. -
9 adfectio
I.The relation to or disposition toward a thing produced in a person by some influence (in this and the two foll. signif. almost peculiar to the philos. lang. of Cic.): comparantur ea, quae aut majora aut minora aut paria dicuntur;II.in quibus spectantur haec: numerus, species, vis, quaedam etiam ad res aliquas adfectio,
relation, Cic. Top. 18, 68, and § 70; cf. id. ib. 2, 7.—A.. A change in the state or condition of body or mind, a state or frame of mind, feeling (only transient, while habitus is lasting):B.adfectio est animi aut corporis ex tempore aliqua de causa commutatio ut, laetitia, cupiditas, metus, molestia, morbus, debilitas, et alia, quae in eodem genere reperiuntur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 36; 1, 2, 5; cf. 1, 2, 5, § 19. In Gellius = adfectus, as transl. of the Gr. pathos, Gell. 19, 12, 3.—A permanent state of mind, a frame of mind, a state of feeling, Gr. diathesis:C.virtus est adfectio animi constans conveniensque,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 34 Kühn (cf. in Gr. diathesis psuchês sumphônês hautêi, Stob. Ecl. Eth. 2, p. 104); id. Fin. 3, 26, 65 Goer.:non mihi est vita mea utilior quam animi talis adfectio, neminem ut violem commodi mei gratiā,
id. Off. 2, 6, 29 Beier.—Also of body, as anal. to the mind, a fixed, permanent constitution: tu qui detinieris summum bonum firma corporis adfectione contineri, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 27.—And metaph. of the stars, their position in respect to one another:astrorum,
a constellation, Cic. Fat. 4:ex qua adfectione caeli primum spiritum duxerit,
id. Div. 2, 47 (cf. affectus, a, um, B.).—Esp., a favorable disposition toward any one, love, affection, good-will (post-Aug. prose):D.simiarum generi praecipua erga fetum adfectio,
Plin. 8, 54, 80:egit Nero grates patribus laetas inter audientium adfectiones,
Tac. A. 4, 15:argentum magis quam aurum sequuntur, nullā adfectione animi, sed quia, etc.,
id. G. 5; Just. 24, 3:Artemisia Mausolum virum amāsse fertur ultra adfectionis humanae fidem,
Gell. 10, 18, 1.—Concr., the loved object: adfectiones, children, Cod. Th. 13, 9, 3.—In the Lat. of the Pandects, ability of willing, will, volition, inclination (cf. 2. affectus, II. D.):furiosus et pupillus non possunt incipere possidere, quia adfectionem tenendi non habent,
Dig. 5, 16, 60. -
10 affectio
I.The relation to or disposition toward a thing produced in a person by some influence (in this and the two foll. signif. almost peculiar to the philos. lang. of Cic.): comparantur ea, quae aut majora aut minora aut paria dicuntur;II.in quibus spectantur haec: numerus, species, vis, quaedam etiam ad res aliquas adfectio,
relation, Cic. Top. 18, 68, and § 70; cf. id. ib. 2, 7.—A.. A change in the state or condition of body or mind, a state or frame of mind, feeling (only transient, while habitus is lasting):B.adfectio est animi aut corporis ex tempore aliqua de causa commutatio ut, laetitia, cupiditas, metus, molestia, morbus, debilitas, et alia, quae in eodem genere reperiuntur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 36; 1, 2, 5; cf. 1, 2, 5, § 19. In Gellius = adfectus, as transl. of the Gr. pathos, Gell. 19, 12, 3.—A permanent state of mind, a frame of mind, a state of feeling, Gr. diathesis:C.virtus est adfectio animi constans conveniensque,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 34 Kühn (cf. in Gr. diathesis psuchês sumphônês hautêi, Stob. Ecl. Eth. 2, p. 104); id. Fin. 3, 26, 65 Goer.:non mihi est vita mea utilior quam animi talis adfectio, neminem ut violem commodi mei gratiā,
id. Off. 2, 6, 29 Beier.—Also of body, as anal. to the mind, a fixed, permanent constitution: tu qui detinieris summum bonum firma corporis adfectione contineri, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 27.—And metaph. of the stars, their position in respect to one another:astrorum,
a constellation, Cic. Fat. 4:ex qua adfectione caeli primum spiritum duxerit,
id. Div. 2, 47 (cf. affectus, a, um, B.).—Esp., a favorable disposition toward any one, love, affection, good-will (post-Aug. prose):D.simiarum generi praecipua erga fetum adfectio,
Plin. 8, 54, 80:egit Nero grates patribus laetas inter audientium adfectiones,
Tac. A. 4, 15:argentum magis quam aurum sequuntur, nullā adfectione animi, sed quia, etc.,
id. G. 5; Just. 24, 3:Artemisia Mausolum virum amāsse fertur ultra adfectionis humanae fidem,
Gell. 10, 18, 1.—Concr., the loved object: adfectiones, children, Cod. Th. 13, 9, 3.—In the Lat. of the Pandects, ability of willing, will, volition, inclination (cf. 2. affectus, II. D.):furiosus et pupillus non possunt incipere possidere, quia adfectionem tenendi non habent,
Dig. 5, 16, 60. -
11 constituo
con-stĭtŭo, ŭi, ūtum, 3, v. a. [statuo], to cause to stand, put or lay down, to set, put, place, fix, station, deposit a person or thing somewhere (esp. firmly or immovably), etc. (the act. corresponding to consistere; class.).I.In gen.A.Prop.:B.hominem ante pedes Q. Manilii constituunt,
Cic. Clu. 13, 38:vobis (dīs) candentem taurum ante aras,
Verg. A. 5, 237:impedimenta,
Liv. 44, 36, 6:reliquias praedonum contractas in urbibus,
Vell. 2, 32 fin.:unum aliquem lectorem,
Quint. 2, 5, 6:velut in aliquā sublimi speculā constitutus,
Lact. 2, 2, 18.—Trop.:II.cum hujus vobis adulescentiam proposueritis, constituitote vobis ante oculos etiam hujus miseri senectutem,
Cic. Cael. 32, 79.—Esp.,A.Milit. t. t.1.To station or post troops somewhere, to draw up, set in order:2.legionem Caesar passibus CC. ab eo tumulo constituit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43:legiones pro castris in acie,
id. ib. 2, 8 fin.;4, 35: aciem ordinesque intra silvas,
id. ib. 2, 19:octo cohortes in fronte,
Sall. C. 59, 2:quod reliquum peditum erat, obliquo constituerunt colle,
Liv. 28, 33, 8 al.:naves ad latus apertum hostium,
Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf.:naves aperto ac plano litore,
id. ib. 4, 23 fin.:naves nisi in alto,
id. ib. 4, 24:subsidiarias (naves) in secundo ordine, Auct. B. Alex. 14, 3: classem apud Salamina exadversum Athenas,
Nep. Them. 3, 4; cf. id. Alcib. 8, 1:praesidia in Rutenis provincialibus,
Caes. B. G. 7, 7.—Rarely of a single person: se constituere, to station or post one's self: dum se Gallus iterum eodem pacto constituere studet, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 17.—In contrast with a march, to cause to halt:B.paulisper agmen constituit,
Sall. J. 49, 5; so,agmen,
Liv. 35, 28, 8; 38, 25, 12:signa paulisper novitate rei,
id. 33, 10, 3; so,signa,
id. 34, 20, 4.—And trop.:si constituitur aliquando (narratio) ac non istā brevitate percurritur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 328.—With the access. idea of preparation, to set up, erect, establish, found, build, construct, prepare, make, create, constitute (class. and very freq.).1.Lit.:2.genus humanum, quorum omnia causā constituisse deos,
Lucr. 2, 175:aggerem apparare, vineas agere, turres duas constituere coepit,
Caes. B. G. 7, 17:turres,
id. ib. 2, 12:turrim,
id. ib. 2, 30:castella ad extremas fossas,
id. ib. 2, 8:vineas ac testudines,
Nep. Milt. 7, 2:locis certis horrea,
Caes. B. C. 3, 42:inane sepulcrum,
Ov. M. 6, 568:feralis cupressos,
Verg. A. 6, 216:ingentem quercum in tumulo,
id. ib. 11, 6:pyras curvo in litore,
id. ib. 11, 185:quattuor aras ad alta delubra dearum,
id. G. 4, 542; Suet. Aug. 59 fin.:aedem in foro geminis fratribus,
id. Caes. 10:castra Romae,
id. Tib. 37 et saep.:oppidum,
to found, Caes. B. C. 1, 15; Nep. Cim. 2, 2; so,nova moenia,
Verg. A. 12, 194; cf.:moenia in Aside terrā,
Ov. M. 9, 449:domicilium sibi Magnesiae,
Nep. Them. 10, 2:triplex Piraeei portus constitutus est,
id. ib. 6, 1:hiberna omnium legionum in Belgis,
Caes. B. G. 3, 38:di primum homines humo excitatos celsos et erectos constituerunt,
Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 140.—Trop., to bring about, effect, establish, appoint, etc., freq. of judicial determinations, etc.: videte, [p. 438] per deos immortalis, quod jus nobis, quam condicionem vobismet ipsis, quam denique civitati legem constituere velitis, to establish, Cic. Caecin. 14, 40:C.jus melius Sullanis praediis quam paternis,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 10:judicium,
id. Part. Or. 28, 99:judicium de pecuniis repetundis,
id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11:judicium capitis in se,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 141:controversiam,
id. de Or. 1, 31, 143:quaestionem,
Quint. 3, 11, 17; 4, 2, 10:ratiocinationem,
id. 5, 14, 12:in hac accusatione comparandā constituendāque laborare,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 2; and of persons, to designate, appoint, select, put forward, etc.:accusatorem,
id. Div. in Caecil. 3, 10; Quint. 3, 10, 3 (cf.:comparare accusatorem,
Cic. Clu. 67, 191):testis,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 55:tutores pupillis,
Dig. 2, 1, 1 et saep.:nuper apud C. Orchivium collegam meum locus ab judicibus Fausto Sullae de pecuniis residuis non est constitutus,
no trial of him was permitted, Cic. Clu. 34, 94:reum statim fecit, utique ei locus primus constitueretur impetravit,
id. ib. 20, 56:fidem,
id. Part. Or. 9, 31; cf. id. Sen. 18, 62:concordiam,
id. Att. 8, 11, D, 1:si utilitas amicitiam constituet, tollet eadem,
id. Fin. 2, 24, 78:amicitiam tecum,
Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 7, 27 (cf. id. ib. §25: amicitiae permultae comparantur): libertatem,
Cic. Fl. 11, 25:victoriam,
id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16:pacem (opp. bellum gerere),
id. ib. 8, 22:quantum mali sibi ac liberis suis,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 65.—With the access. idea of ordering, contriving, to establish, fix, appoint, settle, order, manage; to confirm, regulate, arrange, dispose.1.Lit.:2.Ti. et C. Gracchos plebem in agris publicis constituisse,
to have established, Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 10; cf. id. ib. 2, 31, 83:ibi futuros Helvetios, ubi eos Caesar constituisset,
should assign them a permanent abode, Caes. B. G. 1, 13:reges in civitate,
Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. Off. 2, 12, 41:Commium regem ibi,
Caes. B. G. 4, 21:decemviralem potestatem in omnibus urbibus,
Nep. Lys. 2, 1; cf. Cic. Agr. 2, 7, 17:curatores legibus agrariis,
id. ib.; cf.:publice patronum huic causae,
id. Mur. 2, 4:regnum alicui,
Nep. Chabr. 2, 1 al.:composita et constituta res publica,
Cic. Leg. 3, 18, 42; cf.:bene morata et bene constituta civitas,
id. Brut. 2, 7; so id. Agr. 2, 5, 10 fin.:civitates,
to organize, id. de Or. 1, 9, 35:quis tibi concesserit... reliquas utilitates in constituendis civitatibus... a disertis ornateque dicentibus esse constitutas,
id. ib. 1, 9, 36:Chersoneso tali modo constituto,
Nep. Milt. 2, 4:res summā aequitate,
id. ib. 2, 2; cf.:rem nummariam,
Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80:rem familiarem,
id. Phil. 11, 2, 4.—Trop.:D.ineuntis aetatis inscitia senum constituenda et regenda prudentiā est,
Cic. Off. 1, 34, 122; cf.:majores vestri majestatis constituendae gratiā bis Aventinum occupavere,
Sall. J. 31, 17; Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 6:jam perfectis constitutisque viribus,
Quint. 10, 1, 57.— Pass. impers.: non tam sinistre constitutum est, ut non, etc., i. e. we are not so badly off as not, etc., Plin. Pan. 45, 5.—Of persons:Athenaeum in maximā apud regem auctoritate gratiāque,
Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 6:aliquem sibi quaestoris in loco,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 77:in potestate aliquem,
Lact. Epit. 55, 6:constituuntur in honoribus, cum magistratus creantur,
Aug. Cont. adv. Leg. 1, 45 al. —With the access. idea of limiting, fixing, allotting, to fix, appoint something ( for or to something), to settle, agree upon, define, determine.1.Lit.:b.propter dissensionem placuerat dividi thesauros finesque imperii singulis constitui,
Sall. J. 12, 1:summum pretium,
Cic. Att. 12, 31, 2; cf.:pretium frumento,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 73, § 171:certam pecuniam proconsulibus,
Suet. Aug. 36; id. Ner. 10:propria loca senatoribus,
id. Claud. 21:diem nuptiis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 180; cf.:nuptias in hunc diem,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 34:diem concilio,
Caes. B. G. 1, 30:diem colloquio,
id. ib. 1, 47:posterum diem pugnae,
id. ib. 3, 23 fin.:negotio proximum diem,
Sall. J. 93, 8:certum tempus ei rei,
Caes. B. C. 3, 19:grandiorem aetatem ad consulatum,
Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 47:tempus in posterum diem locumque,
Liv. 38, 25, 2:postquam ad constitutam non venerat diem,
id. 27, 16, 16:locus, tempus constitutum est,
Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 3:modum credendi,
Cic. Rab. Post. 3, 5: de numero pastorum alii angustius, alii laxius constituunt:ego in octogenas hirtas oves singulos pastores constitui, Atticus in centenas,
Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 10.—T. t. of the lang. of business, to accord, agree with one in a thing, to appoint, fix, to concert, agree upon, assent to (cf. Gron. Obss. p. 14 sq.); constr. aliquid cum aliquo, alicui, inter se, or with acc. only, or absol.(α).Cum aliquo:(β).ubiea dies, quam constituerat cum legatis venit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 8:pactam et constitutam esse cum Manlio diem,
Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24:constitui cum quodam hospite, Me esse illum conventuram,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 120:constitui cum hominibus, quo die mihi Messanae praesto essent,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 27, § 65: cum aliquo, ut, etc., Aug. ap. Suet. Calig. 8; cf. under P. a., B. 2.—Alicui:(γ).L. Cincio HS. XXCD. constitui me curaturum Idibus Febr.,
Cic. Att. 1, 7 init.; id. Off. 1, 10, 32:ubi nocturnae Numa constituebat amicae,
Juv. 3, 12; cf.:sane, inquit, vellem non constituissem, in Tusculanum me hodie venturum esse, Laelio,
id. de Or. 1, 62, 265.—With acc. only or absol.:2.vadimonia constituta,
Cic. Sen. 7, 21:de pecuniā constitutā,
Dig. 13, tit. 5; Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 4:(Vaccenses) compositis inter se rebus in diem tertiam constituunt,
Sall. J. 66, 2:sic constituunt, sic condicunt,
Tac. G. 11; Juv. 6, 487.— Pass. impers.:Avillius, ut erat constitutum, simulat se aegrotare,
Cic. Clu. 13, 37.—Trop.:E.constituendi sunt qui sint in amicitiā fines deligendi,
Cic. Lael. 16, 56:si forte quaereretur quae esset ars imperatoris, constituendum putarem principio, quis esset imperator: qui cum esset constitutus administrator quidam belli gerendi, tum adjungerem, etc. (for which, soon after, definire),
id. de Or. 1, 48, 210; cf. C. 1. supra, and Quint. 12, 1, 1:nondum satis constitui molestiaene plus an voluptatis attulerit mihi Trebatius noster,
Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 1:ut constitueret, honestum esse aliquid quod, etc.,
id. Off. 2, 3, 9:bona possessa non esse constitui,
id. Quint. 29, 89:de hoc Antigonus cum solus constituere non auderet, ad consilium retulit,
Nep. Eum. 12, 1.—With the access. idea of resolving, to determine to do something, to take a resolution, to resolve, decide, determine.(α).With inf.:(β).si quis mare Neptunum Cereremque vocare Constituit fruges,
Lucr. 2, 656:cohortes duas in Nantuatibus collocare,
Caes. B. G. 3, 1:bellum cum Germanis gerere,
id. ib. 4, 6:Romanorum adventum exspectare atque ibi decertare,
id. ib. 4, 19:desciscere a rege,
Nep. Dat. 5, 5.—With acc. and inf.:(γ).audio constitutum esse Pompeio et ejus consilio in Siciliam me mittere,
Cic. Att. 7, 7, 4. —With interrog.-clause:(δ).quantum pecuniae quaeque civitas daret, Aristides delectus est, qui constitueret,
Nep. Arist. 3, 1. —With ut:A.rus uti irem, jam heri constitueram,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 136:constitueram, ut pridie Idus Aquini manerem,
Cic. Att. 16, 10, 1:constituimus inter nos ut ambulationem conficeremus,
id. Fin. 5, 1, 1:Lentulus cum ceteris constituerant, uti, etc.,
Sall. C. 43, 1.—Hence, constĭtūtus, a, um, P. a.Adj. (acc. to B.), constituted, arranged, disposed:2.bene constitutum corpus,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 6, 17:viri sapientes et bene naturā constituti,
id. Sest. 65, 137:quotus quisque philosophorum invenitur, qui sit ita moratus, ita animo ac vitā constitutus, ut ratio postulat,
id. Tusc. 2, 4, 11:qui integri sunt et sani et bene constituti de rebus domesticis,
id. Sest. 45, 97.—(Acc. to C.) Fixed, established:B.cursus siderum,
Quint. 1, 10, 46:discrimina (opp. fortuita),
id. 5, 10, 42:jam confirmatae constitutaeque vocis,
id. 11, 3, 29.—Subst.: constĭtūtum, i, n.1.(Acc. to B.) An institution, ordinance, law (mostly postclass.), Cod. Th. 1, 11, 5; 12, 41, 1.—b.Trop.:2.cum videas ordinem rerum et naturam per constituta procedere,
according to established laws, Sen. Q. N. 3, 16, 2.—(Acc. to D. 1. b.) An agreement, appointment, accommodation; a compact (in good prose):ante rem quaeruntur, quae talia sunt, apparatus, conloquia, locus, constitutum, convivium,
Cic. Top. 12, 52; so absol., id. Att. 11, 16, 2; id. Cael. 8, 20:rescripsit constitutum se cum eo habere,
id. Att. 12, 23, 3:constitutum factum esse cum servis, ut venirent, etc.,
id. Cael. 25, 61; and humorously: si quod constitutum cum podagra habes, fac ut in alium diem differas, id. Fam. 7, 4; so,ad constitutum venire,
Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 1; Cic. Caecin. 12, 33:se proripu it,
Suet. Oth. 6;and without a verb,
Cic. Att. 12, 1, 1; Flor. 2, 6, 16 (but in Vell. 2, 110, 1, the better read. is consili). -
12 arbitrium
arbī̆trĭum (in good MSS. and inscrr. sometimes arbī̆tērĭum), ii, n. [from arbiter, as adulterium from adulter].I.In gen., a coming near, a being present, presence; hence meton. for persons present (only in post-Aug. poets): locus ab omni liber arbitrio. Sen. Hippol. 602, and id. Herc. Oet. 485: divina rerum cura sine arbitrio est, Auct. Aetnae, 195.—II.Esp.A.1.. The judgment, decision of an arbitrator (cf. arbiter, II.: arbitrium dicitur sententia, quae ab arbitro statuitur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 13 Müll.):2.aliud est judicium, aliud arbitrium. Judicium est pecuniae certae: arbitrium incertae,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 4:Q. Scaevola summam vim dicebat esse in omnibus iis arbitriis, in quibus adderetur ex fide bonā,
id. Off. 3, 17, 70; so,arbitrium rei uxoriae,
id. ib. 3, 15; id. Top. 17, 66; cf. Dig. 24, 3, 66 fin.; 46, 3, 82 fin.; Cic. Rosc. Com. 9:arbitrium pro socio condemnari solerent,
id. Quinct. 4, 13 B. and K. (here some consider arbitrium as a gloss, others read arbitrio, ad arbitrium, ad arbitrum, and the like; v. Orell. ad h. l.).—Transf. from the sphere of judic. proceedings, judgment, opinion, decision:B.arbitrium vestrum, vestra existimatio Valebit,
Ter. Heaut. prol. 25:cum de te splendida Minos Fecerit arbitria,
Hor. C. 4, 7, 21:de aliquo arbitria agere,
Liv. 24, 45:arbitria belli pacisque agere,
id. 44, 15; cf. Tac. A. 12, 60:agere arbitria victoriae,
Curt. 6, 1 fin.; cf. Gron. Observ. 4, c. 11, p. 427, and Liv. 31, 11; 32, 37.— Trop.:res ab opinionis arbitrio sejunctae,
matters, in which nothing is decided according to mere opinion, Cic. de Or. 1, 23, 108:si volet usus, Quem penes arbitrium est et jus et norma loquendi,
Hor. A. P. 72; Sen. Clem. 2, 7:arbitrio consilioque uti auris,
to determine by the ear, Gell. 13, 20, 3.—Mastery, dominion, authority, power, will, free-will:C.dedunt se In ditionem atque in arbitrium cuncti Thebano poplo,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 103 (Fleck., arbitratum): esse in pectore nostro quiddam, Cujus ad arbitrium quoque copia materiaiï Cogitur interdum flecti per membra, per artus, and at whose bidding the accumulated materials must yield obedience in every joint and limb, * Lucr. 2, 281:cujus (Jovis) nutu et arbitrio caelum, terra mariaque reguntur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 45, 131:ad alicujus arbitrium et nutum totum se fingere et adcommodare,
id. Or. 8, 24; id. Verr. 1, 10, 30; 2, 5, 63 fin.; so Vulg. Lev. 13, 3; 13, 44:aliquid facere arbitrio suo,
Cic. Phil. 6, 2:Mentes ad suum arbitrium movere,
id. de Or. 2, 16, 70; so id. Par. 5, 1 fin.:quam (pecuniam) sponte et arbitrio cordis sui inferunt,
Vulg. 4 Reg. 12, 4:vixit ad aliorum arbitrium, non ad suum,
Cic. Mur. 9; so Hor. C. 3, 6, 40; 3, 2, 20; Tac. H. 1, 46; Suet. Caes. 9; 20; id. Aug. 28; id. Tit. 8; id. Galb. 14:in arbitrium vestrum diem constituistis ei,
Vulg. Judith, 8, 13:orationem tibi misi: ejus custodiendae et proferendae arbitrium tuum,
Cic. Att. 15, 13:munificentiam eorum in se ipsorum arbitrii debere esse,
Liv. 37, 52:in arbitrio viri erit, ut faciat sive non faciat,
Vulg. Num. 30, 14:tamquam congruere operationem eam serpentium humani sit arbitrī,
Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 53; Suet. Tib. 18; id. Claud. 2: mox rei Romanae arbitrium (i. e. imperium, dominion, power) tribus ferme et viginti (annis) obtinuit, Tac. A. 6, 51; so,arbitrium orbis terrarum,
Suet. Caes. 7; Nep. Con. 4, 1:huic deus optandi gratum, sed inutile fecit Muneris arbitrium,
Ov. M. 11, 101:liberum mortis arbitrium,
Suet. Dom. 8; 11; cf. Tac. A. 15, 60.—Arbitria funeris, the expenses of a funeral (fixed by an arbiter), Cic. Dom. 37; id. Pis. 9 fin.; id. Red. in Sen. 7; cf. Dig. 11, 7, 12, § 6. -
13 legitima
lēgĭtĭmus, a, um, adj. [lex; cf. Cic. Top. 8, 36], fixed or appointed by law, according to law, lawful, legal, legitimate.I.Lit.A.Adj.:B.dies is erat legitimus comitiis habendis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 128:legitimum imperium habere,
id. Phil. 11, 10, 26:potestas,
id. Tusc. 1, 30, 74:scriptum,
id. Inv. 2, 43, 125:controversiae legitimae et civiles,
which come under and are settled by the laws, id. Or. 34, 120: justus et legitimus hostis, a lawful adversary, as distinguished from pirates and other outlaws, id. Off. 3, 29, 109:aetas legitima ad petendam aedilitatem,
Liv. 25, 2: horae, allowed by law (for transacting any business), Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 25:impedimentum,
a legal impediment, id. Agr. 2, 9, 24:poena,
Suet. Claud. 14:crimen,
laid down in the laws, Dig. 47, 20, 3:filius (opp. nothus),
legitimate, Quint. 3, 6, 72; 5, 14, 16;Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 6, 4, 3: matrimonia,
ib. 6, 4, 2:conjux,
Ov. M. 10, 437:legitimis pactam junctamque tabellis amare,
Juv. 6, 200.—Subst.: lēgĭtĭma, ōrum, n., usages prescribed by law, precepts (very rare):II.legitimis quibusdam confectis,
Nep. Phoc. 4, 2:custodite legitima mea,
precepts, statutes, Vulg. Lev. 18, 26; also in sing.:legitimum sempiternum erit,
id. Exod. 28, 43.—Transf., in gen.A.l. q. legalis, of or belonging to the law, legal (post-Aug.):B.quaestiones,
Quint. 3, 6, 72; 7, 3, 13:verba,
Gell. 11, 1, 4:scientia, Just. Inst. prooem. § 4: actio injuriarum, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 2, 5, 5: judicia,
Gai. Inst. 4, 103 sq. —Right, just, proper, appropriate (class.):1.numerus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 22, 57:in omnibus meis epistolis, legitima quaedam est accessio commendationis tuae,
id. Fam. 7, 6, 1:illa oratorum propria et quasi legitima tractavit, ut delectaret, ut moveret, ut augeret, etc.,
id. Brut. 21, 82:poëma facere,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 109:sonus,
id. A. P. 274:insania,
Plin. 21, 31, 105, § 178:verba,
Ov. F. 2, 527:partus,
right, regular, Plin. 8, 43, 64, § 168; cf.:spectavit studiosissime pugiles, non legitimos et ordinarios modo, sed et catervarios, etc.,
Suet. Aug. 45:olus,
Plin. 22, 22, 38, § 80.—In neutr.: legitimum est, with a subject-clause, it is right, proper, suitable (post-Aug.):fistulas denum pedum longitudinis esse, legitimum est,
Plin. 31, 6, 31, § 58; 33, 3, 20, § 64:seruntur lactucae anno toto: legitimum tamen, a bruma semen jacere,
but the proper way is, id. 19, 8, 39, § 130.—Hence, adv.: lēgĭtĭmē.According to law, lawfully, legally, legitimately:2.is qui legitime procurator dicitur,
Cic. Caecin. 20, 57:juste et legitime imperanti,
id. Off. 1, 4, 13:non nisi legitime vult nubere,
Juv. 10, 338.—Transf., duly, properly:faex legitime cocta,
Plin. 23, 2, 31, § 64:studere,
Tac. Or. 32:legitime fixis tabellis,
Juv. 12, 100. -
14 legitimus
lēgĭtĭmus, a, um, adj. [lex; cf. Cic. Top. 8, 36], fixed or appointed by law, according to law, lawful, legal, legitimate.I.Lit.A.Adj.:B.dies is erat legitimus comitiis habendis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 128:legitimum imperium habere,
id. Phil. 11, 10, 26:potestas,
id. Tusc. 1, 30, 74:scriptum,
id. Inv. 2, 43, 125:controversiae legitimae et civiles,
which come under and are settled by the laws, id. Or. 34, 120: justus et legitimus hostis, a lawful adversary, as distinguished from pirates and other outlaws, id. Off. 3, 29, 109:aetas legitima ad petendam aedilitatem,
Liv. 25, 2: horae, allowed by law (for transacting any business), Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 25:impedimentum,
a legal impediment, id. Agr. 2, 9, 24:poena,
Suet. Claud. 14:crimen,
laid down in the laws, Dig. 47, 20, 3:filius (opp. nothus),
legitimate, Quint. 3, 6, 72; 5, 14, 16;Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 6, 4, 3: matrimonia,
ib. 6, 4, 2:conjux,
Ov. M. 10, 437:legitimis pactam junctamque tabellis amare,
Juv. 6, 200.—Subst.: lēgĭtĭma, ōrum, n., usages prescribed by law, precepts (very rare):II.legitimis quibusdam confectis,
Nep. Phoc. 4, 2:custodite legitima mea,
precepts, statutes, Vulg. Lev. 18, 26; also in sing.:legitimum sempiternum erit,
id. Exod. 28, 43.—Transf., in gen.A.l. q. legalis, of or belonging to the law, legal (post-Aug.):B.quaestiones,
Quint. 3, 6, 72; 7, 3, 13:verba,
Gell. 11, 1, 4:scientia, Just. Inst. prooem. § 4: actio injuriarum, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 2, 5, 5: judicia,
Gai. Inst. 4, 103 sq. —Right, just, proper, appropriate (class.):1.numerus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 22, 57:in omnibus meis epistolis, legitima quaedam est accessio commendationis tuae,
id. Fam. 7, 6, 1:illa oratorum propria et quasi legitima tractavit, ut delectaret, ut moveret, ut augeret, etc.,
id. Brut. 21, 82:poëma facere,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 109:sonus,
id. A. P. 274:insania,
Plin. 21, 31, 105, § 178:verba,
Ov. F. 2, 527:partus,
right, regular, Plin. 8, 43, 64, § 168; cf.:spectavit studiosissime pugiles, non legitimos et ordinarios modo, sed et catervarios, etc.,
Suet. Aug. 45:olus,
Plin. 22, 22, 38, § 80.—In neutr.: legitimum est, with a subject-clause, it is right, proper, suitable (post-Aug.):fistulas denum pedum longitudinis esse, legitimum est,
Plin. 31, 6, 31, § 58; 33, 3, 20, § 64:seruntur lactucae anno toto: legitimum tamen, a bruma semen jacere,
but the proper way is, id. 19, 8, 39, § 130.—Hence, adv.: lēgĭtĭmē.According to law, lawfully, legally, legitimately:2.is qui legitime procurator dicitur,
Cic. Caecin. 20, 57:juste et legitime imperanti,
id. Off. 1, 4, 13:non nisi legitime vult nubere,
Juv. 10, 338.—Transf., duly, properly:faex legitime cocta,
Plin. 23, 2, 31, § 64:studere,
Tac. Or. 32:legitime fixis tabellis,
Juv. 12, 100.
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